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SFI:158 A:3 K:1 @ 2023 Mar 28 1205 UTC

Space weather for the past 24 hours has been moderate.
Radio blackouts reaching the R2 level occurred.
No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

Maxima Frecuencia Utilizable (MUF) from https://prop.kc2g.com

Latest Ionogram from El Arenosillo, Spain

reading ionograms.pdf
(view or download .pdf about how to interpret ionogram charts)

Max NVIS Freq from www.sws.bom.gov.au

The above map can be used as a guide to NVIS ionospheric frequency support and to generate real time HF predictions (eg Hourly HAP charts) to assist the HF radio communicator.

Kp index 3 days forecast (spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de)

Solar X-ray Flux, Kp index, etc
Daily K index for today
3 hourly K index for last 30 days	Daily A index for last 30 days

D Region Absorption Predictions from services.swpc.noaa.gov

Last hours animation from NOAA

Vertical Total Electron Content Map from iono.jpl.nasa.gov

CLICK ON THE IMAGE

MUF explained

¿Como determinar la MUF (maxima frecuencia utilizable)?
1- Para trayectos de 3.000 Km: Situe sobre el mapa el punto medio del trayecto y obtenga el valor del contorno en ese punto. Todos los valores de los contornos se dan en MHz.

2- Para trayectos de 4.000 Km: Siga la regla anterior y multiplique el valor de la MUF obtenida por 1,1.

3- Para trayectos de mas de 4.00 Km: Divida el trayecto en segmentos de 3.000 y 4.000 km y calcule la MUF en los dos puntos medios que se encuentran a 1.500 o 2.000 km de cada extremo del trayecto. A continuacion seleccione la menor de las dos MUF.

Understanding HF propagation conditions

Category	Radio Blackouts Use X-Ray	Solar Radiation Storms Use Proton Flux	Geomagnetic Storms Use K-Index/K-nT/ Aurora/Solar Wind/Bz	Band Openings Use Solar Flux (SN)	Electron Alert Use Electron Flux
Extreme	X20 Complete HF blackout on entire sunlit side lasting hours	1.000.000 Complete HF blackout in polar regions	K=9 (nT=>500) [Aur=10++] (SW=>800) [Bz=-40 -50] HF impossible. Aurora to 40º. Noise S30+.	200-300 (SN=160-250) Reliable communications all bands up through 6m	>1000 Alert Partial to complete HF blackout in polar regions
Severe	X10 HF blackout on most of sunlit side for 1 to 2 hours	100.000 Partial HF blackout in polar regions	K=8 (nT=330-500) [Aur=10+] (SW=700-800) [Bz=-30 -40 HF sporadic. Aurora to 45º Noise S20-S30.
Strong	X1 Wide area HF blackout for about an hour on sunlit side	10.000 Degraded HF propagation in polar regions	K=7 (nT=200-330) [Aur=10] (SW=600-700) [Bz=-20-30] HF intermittent. Aurora to 50º. Noise S9-S20.	150-200 (SN=105-160) Excellent conditions all bands up through 10m w/6m openings
Moderate	M5 Limited HF blackout on sunlit side for tens of minutes	1000 Small effects on HF in polar regions	K=6 (nT=120-200) [Aur=9] (SW=500-600) [Bz=-10 -20] HF fade higher lats. Aurora to 55°. Noise S6-S9.	120-150 (SN=70-105) Fair to good conditions all bands up through 10m	<1.0e+03 Active> <1000 Active Degraded HF propagation in polar regions
Minor	M1 Occasional loss of radio contact on sunlit side	100 Minor impacts on HF in polar regions	K=5 (nT=70-120) [Aur=8] (SW=400-500) [Bz=0 -10] HF fade higher lats. Aurora to 56º. Noise S4-S6.	90-120 (SN=35-70) Fair conditions all bands up through 15m	<1.0e+02 Active> <100 Active Minor impacts on HF in polar regions
Active	C1 Low absorption of HF signals	10 Very minor impacts on HF in polar regions	K=3-4 (nT=20-70) [Aur=6-7] (SW=200-400) [Bz=0 -+50] Minor HF fade higher lats. Aurora 60-58°. Noise S2-S3.	70-90 (SN=10-35) Poor to fair conditions all bands up through 20m	<1.0e+01 Normal> <10 Normal No impacts on HF
Normal	A1-B9 No or very minor impact to HF signals	1 No impacts on HF	K=0-2 (nT=0-20) [Aur=<5] (SW=200-400) [Bz=0-+50] Inactive/Quiet><5] (SW=200-400)[Bz=0 -+50] No impacts on HF. Aurora 67-62°. Noise S0-S2.	64-70 (SN=0-10) Bands above 40m unusable	<1.0e+00 Normal> <1 Normal No impacts on HF